In this context, argan oil oxidative stability is extensively documented ( 19, 34, 51, 53, 60, 68, 69). Several techniques and studies have been used to estimate the shelf-life of argan oil, such as Rancimat induction time, under accelerated conditions at 60°C as well as estimating its shelf-life for 2 years at 25°C (protected or exposed to sunlight) ( 60, 61, 70). Despite its high unsaturated fatty acid content, food argan oil prepared by press cold extraction has been proven to display a very good shelf-life and high preservation characteristics ( 60). For instance, at 110°C, food argan oil prepared by press cold extraction present an average Rancimat induction period of 31 h, whereas it is only 13 h for cosmetic argan oil. At high storage temperature (60°C) for 35 days, argan oil from roasted kernels prepared by press cold extraction shows high oxidative stability ( 19). Previous works ( 60, 69, 70) have estimated argan oil shelf-life for a duration of 2 years at 25°C in protected conditions or exposed to sunlight. The obtained results indicated that the food argan oil prepared by press cold extraction, for a storage period of 2 years showed that the best stability is obtained in the shelter of light and at 25°C. However, under the same conditions, cosmetic argan oil can only be preserved for 1 year ( 46, 69). Kharbach et al. ( 71) have studied the shelf-life of food and cosmetic argan oils based on chemical properties or Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) fingerprints and chemometrics. Since cosmetic and food argan oil differs only by kernels roasting and the life span of food argan oil is longer than that of cosmetic oil. More precisely, the moisture content in the food argan oil is lower, its phospholipid content ( 70) and the formation of antioxidant active compounds during the roasting process (e.g., could be responsible for this stability) is higher. Determination of Virgin Argan Oil Adulteration

Huang, P. (2017). Liquid gold: Berber women and the argan oil co-operatives in Morocco. International Journal of Intangible Heritage, 12, 140–155. Ursoniu S, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Banach M; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. The impact of argan oil on plasma lipids in humans: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res. 2018;32(3):377-383. doi:10.1002/ptr.5959 After the first sales in the US of the cosmetic product in 2003, demand soared and production increased. In 2012 the Moroccan government planned for increased production, then around 2,500 tonnes, to 4,000 tonnes by 2020. [10] Gharby, S., Harhar, H., Kartah, B., et al. (2013b). Chemical changes in extra virgin argan oil after thermal treatment. Natural Product Communications, 8, 29–31. Mayo Clinic Staff (2018). Dandruff. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dandruff/symptoms-causes/syc-20353850Fazoui, H. (2015). The impact of market evolution of argan oil on Moroccan arganeraie. Revista Geologica de America Central, 55, 199–222. Lopez, L. C., Cabrera-Vique, C., Venegas, C., et al. (2013). Argan oil-contained antioxidants for human mitochondria. Natural Product Communications, 8, 47–50. Alaoui, A., Charrouf, Z., Soufiaoui, M., et al. (2002). Triterpenoid saponins from the shells of Argania spinosa seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 4600–4603.

You can apply argan oil directly to damp or dry hair to improve moisture, reduce breakage, or reduce frizz. Bousselmame, F., Kenny, L., & Chlyah, H. (2001). Optimizing cultural conditions for in vitro rooting of Argan ( Argania spinosa L.). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, (Life Sciences), 324, 995–1000. Helkar, P. B., Sahoo, A. K., & Patil, N. J. (2016). Review: Food industry by-products used as funtionnal food ingredients. International Journal of Waste Resources, 6, 248. https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000248. Hassan, A. S. U., Al-Fayyadh, F. F., & Abdul-Jaleel, Y. S. (2017). Employment of combined-extraction from argan oil and diluted apple cider vinegar (ACV-AO) for refuting pediculosis in cats. Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences, 8, 203–213. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.The area of producing the oil is expanding: in 2020 it had started near the city of Agadir, 175 kilometres (109 mi) south of the traditional argan-producing area of Essaouira, and is due to expand north. [8] Réseau des Associations de la Réserve de Biosphère Arganeraie RARBA". Archived from the original on 2016-09-14 . Retrieved 2012-07-23. Madawala, S. R. P., Kochhar, S. P., & Dutta, P. C. (2012). Lipid components and oxidative status of selected speciality oils. Grasas y Aceites, 63, 143–151. Boucetta KQ, Charrouf Z, Aguenaou H, et al. The effect of dietary and/or cosmetic argan oil on postmenopausal skin elasticity. Clin Interv Aging. 2015 Jan 30;10:339-49. doi:10.2147/CIA.S71684.

Guillaume, D., & Charrouf, Z. (2011b). Argan oil and other argan products: Use in dermocosmetology. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 113, 403–408.Kondratowicz-Pietruszka, E., & Ostasz, L. (2017). Oxidation changes in argan oil caused by heating and UV irradiation. Polish Journal of Commodity Science, 1, 103–115. Charrouf, Z., & Guillaume, D. (2007). Phenols and polyphenols from Argania spinosa. American Journal of Food Technology, 2, 679–683.