Turmeric powder has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it can also help prevent cancer and lower the risk of heart disease. It’s derived from the dried roots of a flowering plant belonging to the ginger family that is ground into powder. Regent ® followed by Fame ® for managing stem borer & leaf roller are our most important insecticides for rice. Early management of plant hoppers can be obtained with Glamore ®. We focus on alternative mechanisms of action. Nativo ® is one example. This fungicide takes care of plant health by managing two major rice diseases – rice blast and sheath blight. For broad spectrum disease control, our integrated offers include brands like Antracol ®, Folicur ®and Monceren ®. K-Obiol ® is used to protect the stored grain/ seed from pests like weevils, beetles, moth, etc that infest rice during storage. We give you both UK measures in grams and meals or for our US readers how many cups of water to rice. UK - rice: water - grams: ml Selecting a variety from 40,000 different options could seem daunting, but the reality is, as a home grower you only have about 10 from which to choose. Online retail seed sources comb through the cultivars and offer the seed that is best suited for small batch growing. Soil salinity poses a major threat to rice crop productivity, particularly along low-lying coastal areas during the dry season. [134] [138] For example, roughly 1million hectares (2.5million acres) of the coastal areas of Bangladesh are affected by saline soils. [139] These high concentrations of salt can severely affect rice plants' normal physiology, especially during early stages of growth, and as such farmers are often forced to abandon these otherwise potentially usable areas. [140] [141]

Rice is used as a model organism for investigating the molecular mechanisms of meiosis and DNA repair in higher plants. Meiosis is a key stage of the sexual cycle in which diploid cells in the ovule (female structure) and the anther (male structure) produce haploid cells that develop further into gametophytes and gametes. So far, 28 meiotic genes of rice have been characterized. [146] Studies of rice gene OsRAD51C showed that this gene is necessary for homologous recombinational repair of DNA, particularly the accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks during meiosis. [147] Rice gene OsDMC1 was found to be essential for pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, [148] and rice gene OsMRE11 was found to be required for both synapsis of homologous chromosomes and repair of double-strand breaks during meiosis. [149] landscape ecology, and hierarchies in a landscape—from biological to social. [89] At present, rice pest management includes cultural techniques, pest-resistant rice varieties, [88] and pesticides (which include insecticide). Increasingly, there is evidence that farmers' pesticide applications are often unnecessary, and even facilitate pest outbreaks. [90] [91] [92] [93] By reducing the populations of natural enemies of rice pests, [94] misuse of insecticides can actually lead to pest outbreaks. [95] The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) demonstrated in 1993 that an 87.5% reduction in pesticide use can lead to an overall drop in pest numbers. [96] IRRI also conducted two campaigns in 1994 and 2003, respectively, which discouraged insecticide misuse and smarter pest management in Vietnam. [97] [98] Rice growth and production are affected by: the environment, soil properties, biotic conditions, and cultural practices. Environmental factors include rainfall and water, temperature, photoperiod, solar radiation and, in some instances, tropical storms. Soil factors refer to soil type and their position in uplands or lowlands. Biotic factors deal with weeds, insects, diseases, and crop varieties. [12] If you enjoy your rice with a side of spiciness and musky, hearty taste, you should not overlook turmeric.

Between 1961 and 2002, per capita consumption of rice increased by 40% worldwide. [44] Rice is the most important crop in Asia. In Cambodia, for example, 90% of the total agricultural area is used for rice production. [45] Per capita, Bangladesh ranks as the country with the highest rice consumption, followed by Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Indonesia. [46] Cinnamon is a plant that’s part of the laurel family. Along with being an important spice in cuisine, this plant is also used for medicinal purposes. Cinnamon can be used in sweet dishes, too. Sprinkle it over fruit or oatmeal for a delicious twist. Saffron is a spice derived from the dried stigmas of the saffron crocus and is among the most expensive spices by weight. It has been used in many cultures for over 3,000 years to give food a vibrant yellow color and rich flavor.

Cumin is a popular spice often used in Middle Eastern and Indian cooking. Cumin seeds have been found to provide relief from flatulence and stomach pain for some people. In terms of input demand, however, it is not clear that hybrid rice is less costly, and the findings in the literature seem mixed. Although hybrid rice uses less labor input and draft animal services, it demands more chemical fertilizer ( Lin, 1994). Other studies show that hybrid rice uses less fertilizer ( Li et al., 2014; Jammalamadaka and Deka, 2020). Finally, in recent research using experimental plot-level data, Lu et al. (2020) found that increasing planting density can reduce nitrogen application in rice production using inbred rice varieties. To that end, increasing planting density required a higher seeding rate in rice production. In other words, rice farmers have to use more seeds. Commercial companies in China produce hybrid rice seeds. Indeed, private companies are engaged in rice seed production across many countries in Asia, including India, Nepal, and Indonesia ( Mishra et al., 2016). However, the price of hybrid rice seed is much higher than that of conventional rice seed (about ten times higher in our sample, see Table 1). Chau and Scrimgeour (2022) report that hybrid rice seeds cost twice as much as inbred seed varieties. Finally, labor and land preparation costs are two major rice production costs affecting rice farmers' bottom line. In recent years, Chinese rice farmers have adopted the direct-seeded rice (DSR) establishment method that uses less labor and reduces land preparation costs. However, Mishra et al. (2017) and Sha et al. (2019) noted that the DSR establishment method requires more seed quantity. Given the higher hybrid seed prices and the DSR method requiring more seed quantity, it is optimal for farm households to switch to conventional rice with lower seed costs. Most previous studies on the impact of hybrid variety on rice yields did not control for the input differences, which may exaggerate the effects of varietal differences.

Data availability statement

You can grow rice in any sunny area, even in the ground, with supplemental irrigation. I grow rice in many different locations, from my foundation landscape near downspouts to containers. Every way I grow it, rice is beautiful and is an instant conversation starter. Visitors never seem to be able to identify the random grass that I am cultivating around my garden and when they learn what it is, they are totally mystified and eager to learn more! Saffron’s health benefits range from protecting your cells against oxidative stress to providing antioxidants. It’s the dried stigma and styles of Saffron crocus called threads. It’s considered the world’s most expensive spice. The empirical model was estimated using STATA software. The ESR models were used to evaluate the factors affecting rice yields and incomes and assess the impact of HR adoption on yields and net rice income. Impact on rice yields Other major fungal and bacterial rice diseases include sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctonia solani), false smut ( Ustilaginoidea virens), bacterial panicle blight ( Burkholderia glumae), [80] sheath rot ( Sarocladium oryzae), and bakanae ( Fusarium fujikuroi). [81] Viral diseases exist, such as rice ragged stunt ( vector: BPH), and tungro (vector: Nephotettix spp). [82] Many viral diseases, especially those vectored by planthoppers and leafhoppers, are major causes of losses across the world. [83] There is also an ascomycete fungus, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, that causes brown spot disease in rice. [84] [85] [81] You can use this spice to make rice or other grains like quinoa taste exotic and different – perfect if you’re tired of eating your usual meal and want to spice things up a bit!