Nair KS, Rizza RA, O'Brien P, Dhatariya K, Short KR, Nehra A, Vittone JL, Klee GG, Basu A, Basu R, Cobelli C, Toffolo G, Dalla Man C, Tindall DJ, Melton LJ, Smith GE, Khosla S, Jensen MD (October 2006). "DHEA in elderly women and DHEA or testosterone in elderly men". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (16): 1647–59. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa054629. PMID 17050889. S2CID 42844580.

Legal Steroids: Do They Work and Are They Safe? - Healthline Legal Steroids: Do They Work and Are They Safe? - Healthline

Piacentino D, et al. (2015). Anabolic-androgenic steroid use and psychopathology in athletes. A systematic review. DOI: Cardiovascular: dyslipidemia (e.g., increased LDL Tooltip low-density lipoprotein levels, decreased HDL Tooltip high-density lipoprotein levels, reduced apo-A1 Tooltip apolipoprotein A1 levels), atherosclerosis, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, myocardial hypertrophy, polycythemia/ erythrocytosis, arrhythmias, thrombosis (e.g., embolism, stroke), myocardial infarction, sudden death. [82] [83] AAS have been shown to alter fasting blood sugar and glucose tolerance tests. [87] AAS such as testosterone also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease [2] or coronary artery disease. [88] [89] Acne is fairly common among AAS users, mostly due to stimulation of the sebaceous glands by increased testosterone levels. [7] [90] Conversion of testosterone to DHT can accelerate the rate of premature baldness for males genetically predisposed, but testosterone itself can produce baldness in females. [91] a b c Nieschlag E (2010). "Clinical trials in male hormonal contraception" (PDF). Contraception. 82 (5): 457–70. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.020. PMID 20933120. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-05 . Retrieved 2019-08-18.Anabolic steroids are manufactured drugs that copy the effects of the male hormone testosterone. They have limited medical uses and are not the same as corticosteroids, a different type of steroid drug that's more commonly prescribed. Are anabolic steroids illegal?

BBC News Why is steroid use rising among male bodybuilders? - BBC News

The GP may refer you to a specially trained drugs counsellor. They'll discuss your addiction with you, how to safely stop taking steroids, and any obstacles you may face when trying to stop, plus tips for dealing with those obstacles.a b Barrett-Connor EL (1995). "Testosterone and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in men". Diabete Metab. 21 (3): 156–61. PMID 7556805. In professional sport, most organisations ban anabolic steroid use and test competitors for banned steroids. If you do test positive, you may be banned from competing professionally. Why people misuse anabolic steroids Health risks can be produced by long-term use or excessive doses of AAS. [2] [3] These effects include harmful changes in cholesterol levels (increased low-density lipoprotein and decreased high-density lipoprotein), acne, high blood pressure, liver damage (mainly with most oral AAS), and left ventricular hypertrophy. [4] These risks are further increased when athletes take steroids alongside other drugs, causing significantly more damage to their bodies. [5] The effect of anabolic steroids on the heart can cause myocardial infarction and strokes. [5] Conditions pertaining to hormonal imbalances such as gynecomastia and testicular size reduction may also be caused by AAS. [6] In women and children, AAS can cause irreversible masculinization. [6] a b Rahnema CD, Crosnoe LE, Kim ED (March 2015). "Designer steroids – over-the-counter supplements and their androgenic component: review of an increasing problem". Andrology. 3 (2): 150–5. doi: 10.1111/andr.307. PMID 25684733. S2CID 6999218.

Anabolic steroid misuse - NHS Anabolic steroid misuse - NHS

Alkylation: methyltestosterone, metandienone, fluoxymesterone, oxandrolone, oxymetholone, stanozolol, norethandrolone, ethylestrenol Child-specific: premature epiphyseal closure and associated short stature, precocious puberty in boys, delayed puberty and contrasexual precocity in girls.The measurement of the dissociation between anabolic and androgenic effects among AAS is based largely on a simple but outdated and unsophisticated model using rat tissue bioassays. [72] It has been referred to as the " myotrophic–androgenic index". [72] In this model, myotrophic or anabolic activity is measured by change in the weight of the rat bulbocavernosus/ levator ani muscle, and androgenic activity is measured by change in the weight of the rat ventral prostate (or, alternatively, the rat seminal vesicles), in response to exposure to the AAS. [72] The measurements are then compared to form a ratio. [72] Intracellular metabolism [ edit ] See also: List of androgens/anabolic steroids, List of androgen esters, and Structure–activity relationships of anabolic steroids

Pro Anabolic - Strongest Legal Testosterone Booster Without Steroids or Pro Anabolic - Strongest Legal Testosterone Booster Without

Eastley T (January 18, 2006). "Steroid study debunks user stereotypes". ABC. Archived from the original on 2014-07-16 . Retrieved 2014-01-03. Kidney tests revealed that nine of the ten steroid users developed a condition called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a type of scarring within the kidneys. The kidney damage in the bodybuilders has similarities to that seen in morbidly obese patients, but appears to be even more severe. [108] Liver problems [ edit ] Depending on the length of drug use, there is a chance that the immune system can be damaged. Most of these side-effects are dose-dependent, the most common being elevated blood pressure, especially in those with pre-existing hypertension. [86] In addition to morphological changes of the heart which may have a permanent adverse effect on cardiovascular efficiency.Although anabolic steroid was originally intended to specifically describe testosterone-derived steroids with a marked dissociation of anabolic and androgenic effect, it is applied today indiscriminately to all steroids with AR agonism-based anabolic effects regardless of their androgenic potency, including even non-synthetic steroids like testosterone. [67] [72] [200] While many anabolic steroids have diminished androgenic potency in comparison to anabolic potency, there is no anabolic steroid that is exclusively anabolic, and hence all anabolic steroids retain at least some degree of androgenicity. [67] [72] [200] (Likewise, all "androgens" are inherently anabolic.) [67] [72] [200] Indeed, it is probably not possible to fully dissociate anabolic effects from androgenic effects, as both types of effects are mediated by the same signaling receptor, the AR. [72] As such, the distinction between the terms anabolic steroid and androgen is questionable, and this is the basis for the revised and more recent term anabolic–androgenic steroid ( AAS). [67] [72] [200] Legal status [ edit ] Various compounds with anabolic and androgenic effects, their relation with AAS Technically called anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), steroids are a type of artificial testosterone. They can be taken as a supplement to replace or add to your body’s natural levels of testosterone. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn Kicman, A T (2008). "Pharmacology of anabolic steroids". British Journal of Pharmacology. 154 (3): 502–521. doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.165. PMC 2439524. PMID 18500378. In addition to oral activity, 17α-alkylation also confers a high potential for hepatotoxicity, and all 17α-alkylated AAS have been associated, albeit uncommonly and only after prolonged use (different estimates between 1 and 17%), [177] [178] with hepatotoxicity. [72] [179] [180] In contrast, testosterone esters have only extremely rarely or never been associated with hepatotoxicity, [178] and other non-17α-alkylated AAS only rarely, [ citation needed] although long-term use may reportedly still increase the risk of hepatic changes (but at a much lower rate than 17α-alkylated AAS and reportedly not at replacement dosages). [177] [181] [71] [ additional citation(s) needed] In accordance, D-ring glucuronides of testosterone and DHT have been found to be cholestatic. [182]